Unit10 Ive had this bike for three years.
Unit10 常识梳理
【重点短语】
1. these days 现在，目前
2.regard with great interest 以很大的兴趣关注着
3. in order to 为了
4.so far 迄今，到现在为止
5. in need 需要
6. not...any more 不再.....
7. welcome to sp 欢迎来到.....
8.check out 察看，察看
9. board games 棋类游戏
10. one last thing 最后一样东西
11. junior high school 初级中学
12.clear out 清理
13. no longer 不再
14.toy monkey 玩具猴
15. part with 与.....分开
16. to be honest 说实在的
17. ride a bike 骑自行车
18. have a yard sale 进行庭院拍卖会
19. ones old things 某人的旧东西
20. bring back sweet memories 勾起甜美的回忆
21. give away 捐赠
22. play for a while 玩一会
23. do with 处置，处置
24. search for work 找工作
25.for the last 13 years 在过去的13年里
26. the mid-20th century 20世纪中期
27. stay the same 维持原状
28. according to 根据，根据
29. in ones opinion 依......看
30. in my time 在我那个年代
【重点句型】
1. Have long have you had that bike over there?
那边的那辆自行车你买了多长时间了？
2. Amy has had her favorite book for three years .
艾米拥有她最喜欢的书3年了。
3. He has owned it since his fourth birthday.
自他四岁过生日起，他拥有这个东西了。
4. Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year.
有的人依旧住在家乡，然而，另一些人可能一年只能回家乡一两次。
5. As for me ,I did not want to give up my football shirts,but to be honest, I have not played for a while now.
至于我，我不想舍弃我的足球衣，但，说实在的，我目前已经有一段时间没踢足球了。
6. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things?
你是不是过去想过要举办一个庭院拍卖会来供应东西？
7. What would you do with the memory you raise?
你会如何处置你所筹集到得钱？
【话题写作】
某英文报举办家乡的变化主题征文活动。请你依据以下提示，The changes in my hometown为题，用英语写一篇80词左右的短文。
过去：
生活贫困，房子破旧。污染紧急，垃圾遍地。交通不便，游客极少。
目前：
住房宽敞明亮，很多人有了我们的汽车。山更绿了，水更清了，天更蓝了。每年有成千上万来自世界各地的游客。
以后：
请你展望家乡的将来。
【出色满分范本】
The Changes In My Hometown
In the past, my hometown was very small, and people lived a poor life. The houses were old and small. Pollution was very serious, and there was rubbish everywhere. The traffic was not convenient, so few visitors came here.
Now great changes have taken place in my hometown. The environment has become more beautiful. The mountains have turned greener, the rivers are clearer and the sky are bluer. There are trees, flowers and grass everywhere. People live a better life. Their houses are large and bright. Many people have their own cars. Every year , thousands of people from all over the world come to our city.
Im sure it will get richer and more beautiful in the future. I love my hometown.
01
词语解说
1. for/since
for与表示一段时间的词连用，表示做某事多久了，常用于目前完成时，表示从过去某时开始，持续到目前的动作或状况。for所在句子中的动词是延续性动词。比如：
Ive lived inChinafor two years. 我住在中国两年了。
Ive known him for more than twenty years. 我认识他20多年了。
since作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。比如：
I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学英语。
I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。
since还可以作介词，连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。比如：
She has been ill since last weekend.
她自从上周末就病了。
She has been in Wuhan since four years ago.
自从四年前她就在武汉。
2. maker
maker是名词，意为生产者；制造者，是由动词make + 后缀-r构成的。英语中，表示职业或身份的名词小结：
以-ist结尾的有：
pianist钢琴家 chemist化学家 violinist小提琴家
physicist物理学家 scientist科学家
以-er，-r或-or结尾的有：
teacher教师 painter画家
writer作家 singer歌唱家
visitor参观者 actor演员
engineer工程师 inventor创造家
professor教授 reporter记者
以-man结尾的有：
postman邮递员 policeman警察
businessman商人 spaceman宇航员
fisherman渔夫 dustman清洗工
以-ian结尾的有：
musician音乐家 politician政治家
3. certain
certain作形容词，意为某种；某事；某人。比如：
He decided to sell his certain books.
他决定卖掉他的某些书本。
【拓展】certain作形容词，意为确定的；无疑的，等于sure，对应的副词为certainly。certain常用于以下结构中：
be certain / sure of sth. 对某事有把握
be certain / sure to do sth. 一定做某事
be certain / sure + that从句 确信 比如：
They are certain / sure of success. 他们有把握成功。
Im certain / sure that he will come. 我确信他会成功的。
4. a 46-year-old husband and father
46-year-old是复合形容词，这种形容词有两个特征：一是词与词之间要用连字符连接；二是数词之后的名词用单数形式。比如：
a three-meter-long line一条三米长的绳子
【拓展】岁数的表达方法小结：
基数词 + years old。比如：
He is 8 years old. 他八岁了。
基础词-year-old。比如：
Lucy is an eighteen-year-old girl. Lucy是一位十八岁的女生。
名词 + of + 基础词。比如：
Tom is a boy of 18. Tom是一位十八岁的男生。
at the age of + 基数词。比如：
She is at the age of 18. 她十八岁了。
5. shame
shame是不可数名词，意为羞耻；羞愧；惭愧。可与不定冠词a连用，表示可耻的人或事；可惜（遗憾）的事。比如：
He felt no shame for what he had done.
他对自己所做过的事不感到羞愧。
Its a shame that you cant stay for dinner.
你不可以留下吃晚饭，真遗憾。
【拓展】shame容易见到的短语有：
feel shame at因而感到羞愧
in shame羞愧地
have no shame无羞耻心
with shame羞愧地
to ones shame令某人感到羞愧的是
bring shame on使丢脸
6. regard
regard作及物动词，意为注视；注意；认作。常用短语regardas意为将视为；把当作，as为介词，其后可接名词或代词。比如：
I regard you as my best friend. 我把你当作我最好的朋友。
We regard him as our brother. 大家把他当成兄弟看待。
7. opposite
opposite作介词，意为在对面，等于across from，常与名词一块构成介词短语，表方位。比如：
They live opposite the bank. 他们住在银行对面。
opposite作形容词，意为另一边的；对面的；相反的。比如：
We live on the opposite side of the road. 大家住在马路对面。
opposite作副词，意为在对面。比如：
Theres an old man living opposite. 有一个老人住在对面。
opposite作名词，意为相反的人或物；对立面，常与介词of一块用。比如：
Tall is the opposite of short. 高是矮的反义词。
8. consider
consider作动词，意为考虑、觉得，它的后面跟名词、动名词或者从句作宾语。
Please consider my suggestion.
请考虑我的建议。
Why dont you consider visiting Qing Dao？
你为何不考虑去青岛参观？
I consider that he is a selfish man.
我觉得他是一个自私的人。
【拓展】
后接动名词作宾语的动词及短语可参考以下总结：
完成，实践，值得，忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）；
考虑，建议，不禁，想（consider, suggest, cant help, feel like）；
错过，习惯，（别）舍弃（miss, be used to, give up）；
继续，喜欢，（要）在意（keep on, enjoy, mind）。
练一练：
I. 英汉互译。
1. 多长时间___________________
2. not any more __________
3. grow up_____________
4. 起初___________________
5. as for __________________
6. give up_____________
7. 至少________________
8. 一年一两次________________
9. according to ______________
10. in order to___________________
II. 依据句意及汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1. All my life I have tried to be an _________ man.
2. He tied a _________ around his neck.
3. Please ________ your answer again.
4. Its very comfortable to step on the _________ ground in the spring.
5. During the 1830s, countries all over the world started to build _________.
6. He is the tallest one _____ the boys.
7. In judging him you should ________ his youth.
8. I have many pleasant _________ of our friendship.
9. My little son can _________ from one to ten.
10. Miss Li _______ on the Internet for the information she needed.
III. 用since或for填空。
1. Jill has been inIreland_________ Monday.
2. Jill has been inIreland_________ three days.
3. My aunt has lived inAustralia_________ 15 days.
4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there _______ 7 oclock.
5.Indiahas been an independent country ________ 1947.
6. The bus is late. Weve been waiting _______ 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ________ many years.
8. Mike has been ill ________ a long time. He has been in hospital _______ October.
参考答案：
I. 英汉互译。
1. how long 2. 不再 3. 长大 4. at first
5. 至于 6. 舍弃 7. at least
8. once or twice a year 9. 依据；根据 10. 为了
II. 依据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1. honest 2. scarf 3. check 4. soft
5. railway 6. among 7. consider
8. memories 9. count 10. searched
III. 用括号内所给单词的适合形式填空。
1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since
6. for 7. for 8. for; since
02
句式解说
1. How long have you had that bike over there?
how long意为多久，询问某一动作或状况持续了多长时间，故句中的谓语动词需要是延续性动词或
表示状况的连系动词。比如：
How long do you watch TV? 你看电视多久了？
How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可以借多长时间？
【拓展】how long; how often; how soon的辨析：
how long
表示多久，主要对时间段提问。比如：
How long is he staying? 他计划待多长时间？
Hes staying for a week. 他计划待一个星期。
how often
表示多长时间一次，主要对频率进行提问。比如：
How often do you watch TV?你多长时间看一次电视？
Twice a week. 一周两次。
how soon
意为还要多长时间，多用在一般以后时中。比如：
How soon will he be back? 他要多长时间才回来？
In an hour. 一小时将来。
2. Because I dont read it any more.
notany more意为不再。not常坐落于be动词、情态动词或助动词之后，any more常坐落于句末，等于no more。no more常坐落于句中，放在be动词之后，实义动词之前，两者常常可以互换。比如：
He doesnt live here any more. = He no more lives here.
他不再住在这里了。
【拓展】
表示不再的词还有notany longer或no longer。二者有什么区别在于：
notany more = no more，表示数目或程度上的不再增加，一般修饰终止性动词。比如：
The baby isnt crying any more. = The baby is no more crying.
这个婴儿不再哭了。
no longer = notany longer表示时间或距离上的不再延长，一般修饰延续性的动词。比如：
I cant stand it any longer. 我对此再也不可以忍受下去了。
3. Amy thinks its hard to sell her old things.
It is/was + adj. + to do sth. 意为做某事是的，to do sth.为句子的真的的主语，而it为形式主语，形式主语不可以用别的词来代替，句中可在形容词后加for sb.，意为对于某人来讲，做某事是的。比如：
Its important for us to learn a foreign language.
对大家来讲，学习一门外语是相当要紧的。
Its necessary for us to eat more fruit and vegetables.
对大家来讲，多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。
【拓展】
这个句型中的for sb.有时也可以用of sb. 二者意义有不同：
在Its + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 中，for sb.意为对某人来讲，句中的形容词是用来讲明to do sth.的，形式主语只可以用it。比如：
Its necessary for the students to do some housework.
对于学生们来讲，做些家务是十分必要的。
在Its + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 中of sb. 意为某人，句中形容词可与逻辑主语sb. 构成系表结构，即形容词是用来讲明或形容sb.（某人）的。比如：
Its very kind of you to help us.
你能帮助大家真是太好了。
4. Jim has been inJapanfor three days.
been是be动词的过去分词形式。
have been in 是be in的目前完成时形式，一般与段时间状语连用。比如：
He has been in hospital for two months. 他住院已经有两个月了。
【拓展】have been to; have been in 与have gone to的辨析：
have/ has been to + 地址表示去过某地，目前已经回来了。比如：
Ive been to Beijing twice. 我已去过北京两次。
have/has been in + 地址表示在某地待了一段时间。比如：
Hes been in this school for two years. 他在这所学校待了两年了。
have/has gone to + 地址表示到某事去了，目前还没回来，可能在去的途中，也会在那里或返回的途中。比如：
Wheres Wei Hua? 魏华在哪儿？
She has gone to the zoo. 她到动物园去了。
5. But he also thinks some things will never change, and his hometown is still the place that holds all his childhood memories.
这是一个复合句，some things至句末为宾语从句，作thinks的宾语。在该宾语从句中包括由and连接的
两个分句，在第二个分句中，that holds all his childhood memories是定语从句，修饰先行词place。关
系代词that在定语从句中作主语。当定语从句的先行词指物时，关系代词可用that或which，当关系代
词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词that或which也可省略。比如：
I like clothes that/which are unusual.
我喜欢独一无二的衣服。
Pass me the book you bought for me yesterday.
把你昨天给我买的那本书递给我。
练一练：
I. 依据汉语提示完成英语句子（每空一词）。
1. 你拥有那边的那辆自行车多久了？
______ ______ ______ you ______ that bike over there?
2. 请查询一下这类玩具是不是完好。
Please ______ ______ if these toys are all right.
3. 说实在的，我非常喜欢美国乡村音乐。
______ ______ ______, I like American country music very much.
4. 我在纽约住了几个星期。
I have lived in New York for ______ ______ ______ weeks.
5. 他不懈地学习着，直到不再讨厌数学为止。
He worked and worked until he ______ ______ hated mathematics.
6. 怀特先生的记忆力非常差。
Mr. White has ______ ______ ______.
7. 空的是满的的反义词。
Empty is ______ ______ ______ full.
8. 很多警察和官兵正在森林里搜寻从监狱里跑出来的犯人。
Many policemen and soldiers are ______ the forest ______ the prisoner escaping from prison.
II. 句型转化，每空一词。
1. He ran in the school for half an hour.
______ ______ ______ he run in the school?
2. We started to skate two hours ago.
______ ______ you start to skate?
3. They started to play the piano one or two hours ago.
They started to play the piano ______ ______ ______ two ago.
4. They have been away from here since two years ago.
______ ______ two years ______ they left here.
5. The man began to work four hours ago.
The man has ______ ______ four hours.
6. I have already finished my homework.
I ______ ______ my homework ______.
7. She has cleaned the room.
______ she ______ the room?
8. Tina bought the car last year.
Tina ______ ______ the car ______ a year.
III. 补全对话。
A. Who has gone there?
B. When are you going there?
C. I havent been there, either.
D. Ive seen and learnt a lot there.
E. What have you done in the holiday?
F. Which pavilion do you want to visit most?
G. But I hear therere a large number of people every day.
M: Yang Liu, the summer holiday is over. 1
W: I have visited the World Expo Garden in Shanghai.
M: That must be exciting. 2 You must have waited for a long time to visit some wonderful pavilion, didnt you?
W: Yes, I did. But I think its worth visiting. 3
M: Youre right. I want to go to the World Expo Garden, too.
W: 4
M: Im planning to go during National Day holiday.
W: 5
M: The China Pavilion, of course.
W: Have a pleasant trip.
M: Thanks.
参考答案：
I. 依据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。
1. How long have; had 2. check out
3. To be honest 4. a couple of 5. no longer
6. a bad memory 7. the opposite of 8. searching; for
II. 句型转化，每空一词。
1. How long did 2. When did
3. one hour or 4. It is; since
5. worked for 6. havent finished; yet
7. Has; cleaned 8. has had; for
III. 补全对话。
1-5 EGDBF
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